Dental Amalgams: What You Need to Know
If you’ve ever had a “silver filling,” you’ve probably had a dental amalgam. These long-lasting restorations have been used for more than 150 years to repair decayed teeth. But what exactly are they, and should you be concerned about them?
What Are Dental Amalgams?
Dental amalgam is a filling material made by combining metals — typically mercury, silver, tin, and copper — into a strong, stable compound. When mixed, the mercury binds the metals together to create a durable filling that can withstand years of chewing.
Why Dentists Use Them
Amalgams are used for several reasons:
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Durability: They can last 10–15 years or more.
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Strength: They handle the heavy chewing forces in back teeth well.
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Cost-effectiveness: They’re often more affordable than tooth-coloured composite fillings.
Mercury Concerns: The Facts
Mercury in large amounts is toxic, so it’s understandable that people might be concerned about having it in their mouths. However, in dental amalgam, mercury is chemically bound with other metals, making it stable.
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Scientific consensus: Major health bodies, including the World Health Organization (WHO) and the Australian Dental Association, state that amalgam fillings are safe for most people.
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Exceptions: Some groups, such as pregnant women, breastfeeding mothers, and children, may be advised to avoid amalgam in favour of alternatives.
Alternatives to Amalgam Fillings
If you prefer a amalgam free option, you can choose:
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Composite resin: Tooth-coloured and aesthetically pleasing, but may wear faster on back teeth.
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Ceramics: Durable and natural-looking, but more expensive.
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Glass ionomer cement: Often used for small fillings or on the side surfaces of teeth not under direct bite force.
Should You Replace Your Amalgam Fillings?
If your amalgam filling is in good shape and you have no allergies or health issues, there’s usually no need to replace it. Removing a filling unnecessarily can damage healthy tooth structure and expose you to more mercury vapour during removal than simply leaving it in place.
The Bottom Line
Dental amalgams have stood the test of time for their strength and durability. While concerns about mercury exist, extensive research supports their safety for most people. If you’re considering your options, talk to your dentist about the best filling material for your needs, budget, and preferences.
